Sorry to have to disagree with your dad, but in the short term it may not harm it, but in the long run, you will get better lubrication from an oil designed for your bike. Outboard oil is designed to fully combust at lower temperatures than your bike runs at, so that it doesn't load up in a much cooler running outboard. Your dad might be a marine mechanic, but he evidently doesn't understand oil as well as he could.
As to the kickstart shaft, I can't say it won't hurt it, as I don't know for sure what is causing it without actually pulling the cover off. If it was my bike, I would pull the cover and fix it, rather than taking the chance that something more serious is wrong, which could potentially cause more serious damage. It's your bike, but I would pop the cover and fix it right myself. It won't take long, and could save a more expensive repair.
As to the kickstart shaft, I can't say it won't hurt it, as I don't know for sure what is causing it without actually pulling the cover off. If it was my bike, I would pull the cover and fix it, rather than taking the chance that something more serious is wrong, which could potentially cause more serious damage. It's your bike, but I would pop the cover and fix it right myself. It won't take long, and could save a more expensive repair.