Hi Matt,
I'm also fairly new to riding (very new still actually), but I'll give it a shot at explaining what they are from the info I've gathered on the net...
Oh, and before I forget, also try a search on EFM autoclutch in this forum for some very detailed reviews of what they're like...
An autoclutch is in essence a clutch that works on the centerfuge theory, that is, while the bike is idleing (or otherwise turning lower RPM) the driveline is disengaged so the motor will not stall as it would on a normal clutch bike while stopped...
As the engine rpm increases, the centrifugal force "spreads" some type of friction surface within the clutch that "engages" the driveline while the rpms remain up... This has the same effect as fanning or feathering the clutch lever on a standard clutch bike and makes power delivery at low speeds smooth with no danger of stalling the motor.
I've been in nitro RC cars for years and years, and this type of clutch principle has been in use on small RC cars forever... At idle RPM the spinning flywheel doesn't impart enough cetrifugal force to overcome the spring tension holding the clutch shoes closed... as you ramp up the RPM the clutch shoes "spread open" making contact with the inside of the clutch bell and thus turning the drive shaft... The more RPM the "harder" the clutch engages...
I would think that for very low speed highly technical riding, an autoclutch on a trailbike would be most advantageous, as the power delivery would be very smooth and the danger of stalling the motor would be nonexistent Even if you dumped the bike!
Because you needn't commit attention to proper feathering of the clutch you could instead concentrate almost entirely on the trail, throttle control and steering and keeping a firm grip on BOTH sides of the handlebars :)
Downsides of the autoclutch? The expense basically, as all the autoclutch manufacturers claim that clutch life is the same as normally clutched bikes and that installation (and replacement of the original clutch) is a simple matter...
I have to share though that one downside that I interpreted from the autoclutch (and the reason I am not considering one at this time) is that since I am new to dirtbikes, I wanted to become VERY comfortable with all the controls, which to me, included proper clutching technique on a standard bike... Kind of like learning to drive a stick before getting an automatic :) I also reasoned that since the autoclutch bikes are the vast minority, becoming intimately familiar with ONLY an autoclutch bike might be a detriment if I wanted to say, borrow and ride a friends bike. There is also the potential for mechanical failure due to increased complexity, but this may be a minimal increase as I think the designs are fairly straightforward and uncomplicated...
My estimation is that if you can ride well with a standard clutch, you can ride better without the need for one :) When I get to the point where I no longer have to think about clutching at all when I ride, I might then consider an autoclutch, because then my "technique" would have the best chance of really improving (having gained som mastery over the "basics")
There ARE valid arguments in the reverse, i.e. people who have crashed and gotten completely out of the sport, when an autoclutch might have kept them in it, but in the end, it all comes down to how devoted you are to ride well :)
Being out there and riding anything, is better than giving up :)
Have a good one! Hope I'm not too off-base...
Feanor