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Message: [QUOTE="PedroMx, post: 24461, member: 21330"] Hi: Since so much (and good)have been written in this post I would like to share some information that must be of help. In order to measure the rate of a spring in a test machine it must be noted that springs usually come with ground and closed ends to seat squarely in the shock absorber, this takes out some of the linearity of the spring (if it is linear-rate) and confuses things a lot if it is not linear, therefore the spring must be compressed a certain amount (30 mm being OK for suspension springs) then taken the readout as starting point and compressed further to take the real rate of the spring. One thing regarding progressive springs by winding them at different pitching angles is that the progressivness is achieved by collapsing the tighter wound coils (as stated), but this makes for a bumpy spring rate, as the coils contact each other. The best way to go is achieving progressivness by tapering the wire from wich the spring is made, this was the way Porsche went in its LeMans cars in the late '60s (in addition of making them of titanium wire). Last it must be noted that a coil spring is nothing but a coiled torsion bar and thus any reasoning valid for them regarding lenght/rate/diameter is equal (and easier to visualize). F1, Indy and other types of auto racing have been using tubular torsion bars for decades now and I think that there is a matter of time since somebody makes a hollow spring, assuming they gain something doing it so. Hope I helps and that I made myself clear. Excuse my english. [img]http://dirtrider.net/ubb2/smile.gif[/img] [/QUOTE]

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